# Youngil Lim A.B. (1958), Ph.D. from University of California, Los Angeles (1965) ![Lim’s Harvard yearbook photograph. Courtesy of the Lim family.](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_4_5__320x400/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/youngil_lim_harvard_yearbook.jpg?itok=Je-eT-oe) Youngil Lim (Im Yŏng-il, 林榮一, 1932–2021) was one of the first Koreans to graduate from Harvard College after the Korean War (1950–1953).[\[1\]](#footnote1) His life and career were markedly global and rich, spanning several countries and covering numerous topics in economic development. Lim wrote a dissertation on Sri Lanka, then known as Ceylon, and went on to work as a professor of economics at the University of Hawaii, Manoa (1964–1981), Senior Industrial Development Officer in the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in Vienna, Austria (1981–1993), professor at Daewoo Group’s Institute of Advanced Engineering (IAE) in South Korea (1993–1995), and visiting scholar at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government (1997–1998). Youngil Lim was born on June 12, 1932, in Pakch’ŏn, North P’yŏngan Province during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945). His grandfather ran a successful small general store that sold sundry goods, such as canned foods, seasonal fruits and vegetables, sweets, clothing, and medicines, in a large plaza next to the railway station. The family business was lucrative enough that his father, Sukmoo Lim (Im Sŏng-mu, 林碩茂), could travel to Japan and study law at Nihon University (Nihon Daigaku) in Tokyo. Through his father, Lim encountered Japan indirectly. Lim remembered receiving postcards with images of Tokyo from his father as well as a battery-operated toy designed to teach arithmetic. Lim’s early education consisted of learning The Thousand Character Classic (Ch’ŏnjamun), from his mother, Anna Lee, in Korean.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) He attended a private preschool named Hyŏpsŏng Hagwŏn that continued teaching in Korean, despite Japanese becoming the language of instruction for schools in Korea and across the Japanese empire in 1938.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) ![1](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/suk_moo_lim_and_anna_lee.jpg?itok=bGUac306) Photograph of Lim’s parents, Sukmoo Lim and Anna Lee. Courtesy of the Lim family.Lim’s father returned to Korea after passing the High Civil Service Examinations in Law administered by the Japanese government in September 1939. Due to his father’s appointments, Lim lived in different cities in the northern provinces during his childhood. In 1941, Lim’s family moved to P’yŏngyang because his father was appointed as an intern judge (Sabŏpkwan sibo) at the P’yŏngyang District Court.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) A year later, his family relocated to Hamhŭng, South Hamgyŏng Province, on the northeastern coast of Korea following his father’s appointment as a district court judge (P’ansa). Lim was a third-grade student by this time. Hamhŭng and P’yŏngyang were both located in the northern provinces, but there were noticeable differences between the two. For one, the two regions used different dialects. So, in order to be socially accepted by his classmates, Lim learned the Hamhŭng local dialect and colloquial terms, which differed from those of P’yŏngyang and other northwestern regions. In addition to speaking in different dialects, Lim became fluent in Japanese due to the aforementioned language policy. As a result, Lim learned to switch between languages and dialects at a young age. At home, Lim spoke the P’yŏngyang dialect; with friends at school, the Hamhŭng dialect; and in class, Japanese. As many individuals of this generation, Lim retained fluency in Japanese, continuing to read Japanese-language newspapers and magazines as an adult. In 1943, Lim’s family moved back to P’yŏngyang where his father opened a private law office after quitting his judgeship. Two years later, on August 15, 1945, Japanese colonial rule in Korea came to an end with Japan’s surrender to the Allied forces, but Korea was split into two zones of military occupation with the Soviets in the north and Americans in the south. In 1947, worrying that he would not fare well under a Communist regime, Lim’s father decided to relocate his family to the south. The Lim family planned to cross the heavily guarded 38th parallel in three separate groups: Lim and his grandmother; Lim’s father; and the rest of the family (Lim’s mother, brother, and younger sisters). Lim and his grandmother were the first to journey to Seoul. Setting off on May 15, 1947, a date that Lim remembered long after, they joined a secret group consisting of people trying to cross the 38th parallel. Together, they hired a guide who had a roadmap and knew how to bribe soldiers. Lim disguised himself as a peddler of children’s rubber shoes and took a train from P’yŏngyang to a town located directly north of the 38th parallel as a group. They walked all night from the town until they crossed into the south. When they reached Seoul, Lim and his grandmother moved from house to house, staying with distant relatives and family friends. His grandmother worked in people’s homes in exchange for room and board. Lim remembered this time as a refugee as miserable, although he tried to stay hopeful. Finally, in January 1948, Lim’s entire family reunited in Seoul. In Seoul, Lim enrolled in a private cram-school called Yŏngsu Hagwŏn specializing in mathematics and English to prepare for school entrance exams. The school was located near the South Gate (Namdaemun) neighborhood. Lim passed the qualifying examination and gained acceptance to the prestigious Kyŏnggi Middle School (Kyŏnggi Chung Hakkyo), predecessor of present-day Kyŏnggi High School (Kyŏnggi Kodŭng Hakkyo), as a second-year student.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) At school, Lim encountered classmates who, according to his views at the time, seemed rather refined due to their mannerisms, Seoul accent, and diverse extracurricular activities, which included tennis and classical music. Lim joined a Christian student club called Sŏnghwahoe, which met weekly to study the Christian faith as well as discuss various social issues and political reforms. Lim was proud of being a student at Kyŏnggi Middle School and valued the education he received there. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, when Lim was eighteen. Government radio broadcasts reassured Seoul citizens that the city would be defended at all costs—a promise that turned out to be false. Immediately, on June 26, Lim’s father, who was then a prosecutor in the south, left for Pusan with his colleagues to seek safety from incoming North Korean troops. Lim’s father urged his family to conceal their true identities and try their best to survive until he could return. Luckily, the Lim family found refuge at the house of their grandmother’s friend. While Lim stayed at her house, North Korean soldiers, officers, and members of the local socialist youth group paid regular visits to search for weapons and men of age who could be drafted. The host helped Lim hide each time, enabling him to avoid being drafted. This house served as a safe haven for Lim’s family until September 1950 when American troops landed in Inch’ŏn and re-captured Seoul. Hearing the news that the Chinese army was moving southward in January 1951, pushing the frontline back down to Seoul, the Lim family moved further down to Pusan to seek safety. Instead of staying in Pusan with his family, Lim decided to enroll in the Korean Naval Academy located in Chinhae, South Kyŏngsang Province. After passing the entrance exam, Lim was admitted as a midshipman. During his time at the academy, however, Lim questioned his place in the navy. He felt conflicted fighting against his “brothers” and was disillusioned by the harsh training practices, which included inflicting heavy punishment on “laggards” within one’s own unit. Lim eventually left the academy in the summer of 1952. Lim then signed up as a civilian interpreter in order to continue his military service. He assisted Reverend Granville Greenwold, a Northern Baptist minister, who belonged to the 45th National Guard of Oklahoma and was dispatched to the Korean War frontline as a chaplain. Lim translated his sermons into Korean for the Korean Army Attached to the United States Army, or KATUSA regiment. With the chaplain and jeep driver, Lim visited soldiers in foxholes and bunkers to preach. Lim was quite familiar with these Christian messages as he grew up attending Sunday school as a child and accompanying his grandmother to prayer sessions during church revival meetings in the north. ![Youngil Lim and Anna Lee](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/youngil_lim_and_anna_lee_01.jpg?itok=iFJfs-TD) Lim with his mother, Anna Lee, taken in 1953 for the Ch’usŏk holiday. Courtesy of the Lim family.After the armistice was signed in 1953, Reverend Greenwold asked how he could thank Lim for his service. Lim told him that he wanted to study abroad in the United States. Reverend Greenwold subsequently arranged for his mother to sponsor Lim so he could enroll in Denison University in Ohio, which was Reverend Greenwold’s alma mater, as a freshman in 1954. The university’s dean created a special work-study arrangement for Lim. He worked 20 hours washing dishes in dormitories to pay for room and board along with a grant-in-aid for tuition. At Denison, Lim became roommates with a student named Jack Adams. Lim traveled to Jack’s home in Detroit over breaks and became very close to his parents, William and Emogene Adams, who became his “American family” throughout his college years and long after. Along with working and studying, Lim participated in various clubs, such as the Cosmopolitan Club, which consisted of students and faculty members interested in promoting cross-cultural and racial understanding, and the Men’s Glee Club.[\[6](#_ftn6) Although he enjoyed the physical and academic environment at Denison, Lim eventually resolved to continue his university education at a larger institution that could provide new challenges in his search for “truth, wisdom, and beauty.” Lim applied to Harvard, University of Michigan, and the University of Chicago as a transfer student. He received acceptances from all three and chose to transfer to Harvard as a junior. ![3](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/youngil_lim_denison.jpg?itok=M4lWxGIL) Lim at Denison University. Courtesy of the Lim family. ![4](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__720x720_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/1954_denison.png?itok=LLhSLs1K) Lim seated in the front row at the end (right side) with Cosmopolitan Club members in 1954. From the Denison University yearbook, Adytum (Granville, OH: 1954): 101.During his two years at Harvard, Lim resided at Leverett House where he participated in a house-based tutorial program run by the house master and a tutorial fellow. As a student of economics, Lim joined a tutorial group on economic development led by Dr. Richard Gill and Dr. Stefan Valavanis and consisting of five other students.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Each meeting involved a rigorous, lively question-and-answer session that allowed students to test and share their understanding of the assigned readings.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Coming from a Korean education system emphasizing rote memorization, Lim thoroughly enjoyed the discussion-driven format of tutorials. ![5](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__720x720_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/lim_letter.png?itok=2Z3NEWOB) Excerpts from Lim’s handwritten letter to Harvard’s Committee of Admissions written on June 26, 1956. Lim explained his background and personal, intellectual motivations to transfer to Harvard from Denison University in great detail. Courtesy of the Lim family. Along with the house tutorial program, Lim took various classes including “Economics 141: Money, Banking, and Economic Fluctuations” with famed economist James Duesenberry and “Economics 161: Industrial Organization and Public Policy” with economists Carl Kaysen, who later became the Deputy National Security Advisor in John F. Kennedy’s administration in 1961, and Louis Lefeber.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) During his time at Harvard, a major component of Lim’s struggles and later triumph was learning how to improve his reading skills in English and how to “read” without reading every single word. Eventually, Lim learned to do so after much time and practice. ![6](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__720x720_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/youngil_lim_at_leverett_house.jpg?itok=xJUlywKd) Lim at Leverett House. Courtesy of the Lim family. ![7](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/helen_shin_and_youngil_lim.jpg?itok=IFbhnD7e) Helen Shin and Lim. Courtesy of the Lim family.Perhaps the most important personal experience at Harvard for Lim was meeting Helen Shin. Lim fell in love at first sight with Shin when she walked into the 1957 Thanksgiving dinner party sponsored by the Korean Students Association of the Greater Boston-Cambridge Area. Shin was at the time a graduate student in mathematics at Radcliffe College. After Lim graduated from Harvard in 1958, the two were married in June 1959 at a Korean church in Los Angeles, where Lim moved to start a doctoral program in economics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Shin continued her graduate education in mathematics at the University of Washington and later, University of Southern California. While studying in the Los Angeles area, the couple welcomed two daughters. At UCLA, Lim worked with a number of distinguished economists, including Dr. Robert Baldwin (1924–2011) and Dr. Wytze Gorter (1914–2004).[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Both left an indelible mark on Lim’s intellectual and professional career. Inspired by Baldwin’s research, Lim developed a strong interest in international trade and economic development, which led him to pursue a dissertation project about the influence of British investment in the tea, rubber, and coconut industries in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His dissertation committee consisted of renowned scholars at UCLA: economists Max G. Mueller (1927–?), Armen A. Alchian (1914–2013), William R. Allen (1924–2021), Harold M. Somers (1915–2001), and J. Frederick Weston (1916–2009) and mathematician Chen Chung Chang (1927–2014). Lim conducted extensive fieldwork in Colombo, Ceylon with funding from the Relm Foundation, John R. Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation, and Ford Foundation. During his time in Colombo, Lim acquired unpublished data from various government offices and libraries, such as Ceylon’s Department of Census and Statistics, Department of Economic Research, Central Bank, and Library of Congress. These valuable materials, which provided micro factory-level data of inputs and outputs, labor, capital, and exports, became the basis for Lim’s empirically-rigorous analysis of Ceylon’s three major export industries— tea, rubber, and coconut—and their impact on economic growth. [\[11\]](#_ftn11) Specifically, Lim’s dissertation grappled with the question of how and why the growth of export-oriented industries in underdeveloped countries, such as Ceylon at the time, did not necessarily lead to growth in per capita income—a puzzle that was hotly debated in development economics in the 1960s.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) After completing his dissertation, Lim graduated from UCLA in June 1965. As he was finishing up his doctoral program, Lim received an offer to join the economics department at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. He accepted and joined the university as a professor of developmental economics. During his tenure at UH Manoa, Lim continued to conduct research on international trade and development that included several important articles about South Korea. In 1968, Lim published a number of influential articles in South Korean journals about inflation, price stabilization, and money supply.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) The Korean press noted Lim’s research as one of the first studies that applied econometrics methods to analyze inflation in South Korea.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Along with his productive research career, Lim and Shin welcomed their third child in Honolulu. The Lim-Shin family enjoyed classical music, with all three children playing instruments, and the natural beauty of Oahu. They found a welcoming home in the growing Korean community at UH Manoa, which numbered less than ten in 1964 and had reached over forty by the year 2000. ![8](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__720x720_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/screenshot_2023-05-05_at_8.30.44_pm.png?itok=FQN4pMXj) An article about Lim’s 1968 research in a Korean newspaper (highlighted in yellow). The headline reads, “Parallels between inflation and economic growth.” The deck (text to the left of the headline) summarizes Lim’s findings: “If currency increases by 100 percent, prices will rise by 19 percent.” The text in the box with the dotted lines introduces Lim as a professor at University of Hawaii and the study as the first econometric analysis of this issue. “Inp’ŭle wa kyŏngje sŏngjang pyŏnghaeng” \[Parallels between inflation and economic growth\], Kyŏnghyang sinmun, May 4, 1968. Although he found his research projects rewarding, Lim increasingly felt “sea-locked” in Hawaii and eventually began to seek out positions in various international organizations. He accepted an offer from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in Vienna, Austria in 1981. The original offer was for two years, but Lim ended up staying for twelve. His job involved reviewing prospects for industrial development in ten different regions (North America, Japan, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and the USSR, Latin America and the Caribbean, Tropical Africa, North Africa and Western Asia, Indian Subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia, and China) and writing summary reports for each region. Lim’s reports were integrated into chapters in UNIDO’s annual publication titled Industry and Development Global Report. ![9](/sites/g/files/omnuum10901/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/koreanalumnibiographiesproject/files/youngil_lim_at_unido_vienna_austria.jpg?itok=_-iLJL4F) Lim at UNIDO in Vienna. Courtesy of the Lim family.In 1989, when Lim was living in Vienna, the Berlin Wall fell. Lim and Shin drove over ten hours to Berlin to see first-hand the aftermath of this momentous event. Lim recounted how empty Checkpoint Charlie was and could not help but wonder whether the 38th parallel in the Korean peninsula would ever collapse and if he could ever return to his hometown of Pakch’ŏn. Along with the events in Germany, the profound changes in China and South Korea’s economies during the rules of Deng Xiaoping (r. 1978–1989) and Park Chung Hee (r. 1961–1979), respectively, encouraged Lim to think about the relationship between non-democratic polities, markets, and economic growth. Lim’s growing interest in South Korea’s economic trajectory from the 1970s to 1990s motivated him to publish a book entitled Technology and Productivity: The Korean Way of Learning and Catching Up (MIT Press, 1999). On a more personal note, the Lim and Shin family’s time in Vienna further enriched their love for classical music. Their children took violin and cello lessons with renowned musicians in Salzburg and Vienna. Lim also recounted a stirring visit to the Vienna Central Cemetery to see the grave of Ludwig van Beethoven, whose music he admired greatly. Lim’s time in Vienna came to a close when he officially retired in 1993. A request from the Institute of Advanced Engineering (IAE), an R&D division of the South Korean conglomerate Daewoo, marked the start of the next chapter in Lim’s career. Jointly managed by Ajou University’s Systems Engineering Department, the IAE sought a professor of economics to teach their engineering students. Lim and Shin moved from Vienna to a recently developed suburb of Seoul called Bundang in 1993. In sharp contrast to the Korea he knew when he left for Denison in 1954, Bundang in the 1990s epitomized the growing affluence of the middle class. In the intervening decades, South Korea had undergone immense socioeconomic and political change, industrialization, leading to the “Miracle on the Han River,” and democratization. At IAE, Lim taught a graduate seminar called, “Economics of Technology: Learning, Productivity, and Management.” After three years at IAE, Lim decided to return to Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a visiting scholar for one year from 1997–1998 at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. Professor Lewis Branscomb encouraged Lim’s “homecoming” to Harvard, which Lim fondly remembered as his alma mater where he met and fell in love with Shin. As a visiting scholar, Lim worked on his book project, which culminated in his 1999 monograph Technology and Productivity. Lim and Shin resided in Cambridge until 2001. Lim and Shin eventually moved to Portland, Oregon to be closer to their children. He continued to be active both physically and intellectually in his retirement. Lim and Shin both learned to ski in Austria during their forties and resumed skiing in Oregon. Wherever and whenever they went on a ski trip, they packed Korean food. Lim also taught courses at the University of Portland nearby for some time and continued to conduct research for a book project about the comparative economic history of North and South Korea. Most of all, Lim enjoyed spending time with his children and grandchildren. In May 2021, Lim passed away, survived by his two sisters, three children, and seven grandchildren. Written by Sujin Elisa Han, 6/7/2023 \[1\] Photos and personal information in this biography were provided by the Lim family. We are grateful for their assistance. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Lim’s mother, Anna Lee, was born in December 1908. She grew up in a Presbyterian family, raised by her mother Noduk Chang, who was educated at a Bible school run by American missionaries. Her father Yŏngsil Lee died as a member of the righteous army before she was born. Anna Lee was a highly educated woman of her time, having graduated from Sungŭi Girls’ School (Sungŭi Yŏhakkyo) in P’yŏngyang founded by American Protestant missionaries in 1903. For Sungŭi Yŏhakkyo, see “Sungŭi Yŏja Kodŭng Hakkyo” \[Sungŭi Girls’ High School\], in Minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn \[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture\]. . [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Hyŏpsŏng Hagwŏn began enrolling preschoolers in 1929, although the school itself was founded earlier. Due to mismanagement, the preschool encountered difficulties and did not recruit students until 1929. “Pakch’ŏn hyŏpsŏnggyo yuch’iwŏn chŭngsŏl” \[Pakch’ŏn Hyŏpsŏng Hagwŏn’s preschool newly added\], Chosŏn ilbo, July 11, 1929. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) These appointment dates and position titles can be found by searching Sukmoo Lim’s name in Korean (i.e. 임석무) in the “Chigwŏnnok 직원록” \[Personnel records\] on the National Institute of Korean History’s Korean History Database available online at . [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) For the history of the Kyŏnggi Middle School, see “Kyŏnggi Kodŭng Hakkyo” \[Kyŏnggi High School\] in Han’guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn \[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture\]. . At the time of Lim’s admission, Kyŏnggi Middle School was a six-year school. In 1951 during the Korean War, the “middle” school was separated into a middle school and a high school, each providing three years of schooling. When Lim was attending Kyŏnggi, another alum [Kwangjai Park](/people/kwangjai-park) (A.B. 1958) was also a student of the same school. Lim seems to have been one class senior to Park. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Lim was an active member of the Cosmopolitan Club during his entire time at Denison from 1954–1957. He was a member of the Men’s Glee Club for one year in 1956 and part of the American Commons Club from 1956–1957. Denison University’s yearbooks, Adytum, have been digitized and are available on Archive.org through the Denison University Libraries. Denison University, Adytum (Granville, OH: 1956): 134, 160. . [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) “Master Gill,” The Harvard Crimson, November 28, 1962. Along with being an economist and house master of Leverett, Dr. Gill went onto pursue a career as an opera singer. Andrew K. Mandel, “Touching Basses: The Extraordinary Lives of Richard T. Gill,” The Harvard Crimson, June 1, 1998. Dr. Valavanis was an assistant professor of economics at Harvard. “Valavanis Praised,” The Harvard Crimson, October 20, 1958. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) For more on the House system, which peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, please refer to James Y. Stern, “The Rise and Fall of the Houses,” The Harvard Crimson, June 8, 2000. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Announcement of the Courses of Instruction Offered by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for the Academic Year, 1957-58 (Cambridge, Mass.: Published by the University, 1957): 90-91. . [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) “Robert E. Baldwin,” Cress Funeral and Cremation Service (Obituaries), April 9, 2011. . Robert Baldwin’s published works can be found on the National Bureau of Economic Research’s webpage. “Robert E. Baldwin,” National Bureau of Economic Research (date not listed). [https://www.nber.org/people/robert\_baldwin](https://www.nber.org/people/robert_baldwin). For more information on Gorter, refer to Craig Gima, “Economist served as UH-Manoa chancellor,” Star Bulletin, September 23, 2004. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Youngil Lim, “Export Industries and Pattern of Economic Growth in Ceylon,” PhD diss., (University of California, Los Angeles, 1965). [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Lim published his dissertation as an article titled “Trade and Growth: The Case of Ceylon,” Economic Development and Cultural Change 16, no. 2 (1968): 245–260. In addition, he published a spin-off article titled “The Impact of the Tea Industry on the Economic Development of Ceylon,” Social and Economic Studies 17, no. 4 (1968): 453–467. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Youngil Lim, “Han’guk ŭi inp’ŭlesyŏn kwa chabon hyŏngsŏng” \[Inflation and capital formation in South Korea\], Kyŏngjehak yŏn’gu 16 (1968): 3–20. Youngil Lim, “Inflation, Money and Velocity: South Korean Experience 1953–66,” Sahoe kwahak 7 (1968): 64–89. Youngil Lim, “Han’guk e issŏsŏ ŭi kagyŏk hyŏngsŏng kwajŏng kwa anjŏng chŏngch’aek––yangjŏk punsŏk” \[Price formation process and stabilization policy in regard to South Korea––a quantitative analysis\], Haengjŏng nonch’ong 6, no. 2 (1968): 2171–2194. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14)“Inp’ŭle wa kyŏngje sŏngjang pyŏnghaeng” \[Parallels between inflation and economic growth\], Kyŏnghyang sinmun, May 4, 1968. --- Bibliography Publications by Lim Lim, Youngil. “Export Industries and Pattern of Economic Growth in Ceylon.” PhD diss. University of California, Los Angeles, 1965. Lim, Youngil. “Foreign Influence on the Economic Change in Korea: A Survey.” The Journal of Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (1968): 77–99. Lim, Youngil. “Han’guk e issŏsŏ ŭi kagyŏk hyŏngsŏng kwajŏng kwa anjŏng chŏngch’aek––yangjŏk punsŏk” \[Price formation process and stabilization policy in regard to South Korea––a quantitative analysis\]. Haengjŏng nonch’ong 6, no. 2 (1968): 2171–2194. Lim, Youngil. “Han’guk ŭi inp’ŭlesyŏn kwa chabon hyŏngsŏng” \[Inflation and capital formation in South Korea\]. Kyŏngjehak yŏn’gu 16 (1968): 3–20. Lim, Youngil. “Impact of the Tea Industry on the Growth of the Ceylonese Economy.” Social and Economic Studies 17, no. 4 (1968): 453–467. Lim, Youngil. “Inflation, Money and Velocity: South Korean Experience 1953–66.” Sahoe kwahak 7 (1968): 64–89. Lim, Youngil. “Trade and Growth: The Case of Ceylon.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 16, no. 2 (1968): 245–260. Lim, Youngil. Gains and Costs of Postwar Industrialization in South Korea. Honolulu: Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawaii, 1973. Lim, Youngil. Industrialization, Trade, and Employment in South Korea. Honolulu: Technology and Development Institute, East-West Center, 1974. Lim, Youngil. Government Policy and Private Enterprise: Korean Experience in Industrialization. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Center for Korean Studies, 1981. Lim, Youngil. Technology and Productivity: The Korean Way of Learning and Catching Up. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999. Cole, David C., Youngil Lim, Paul W. Kuznets. The Korean Economy: Issues of Development. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1980. Primary sources Denison University. Adytum. Granville, OH: 1956. Denison University Libraries. . Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Announcement of the Courses of Instruction Offered by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for the Academic Year, 1957-58. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Published by the University, 1957. . “Inp’ŭle wa kyŏngje sŏngjang pyŏnghaeng” \[Parallels between inflation and economic growth\]. Kyŏnghyang sinmun, May 4, 1968. “Master Gill.” The Harvard Crimson, November 28, 1962. “Pakch’ŏn hyŏpsŏnggyo yuch’iwŏn chŭngsŏl” \[Pakch’ŏn Hyŏpsŏng Hagwŏn’s preschool expanded\]. Chosŏn ilbo, July 11, 1929. “Valavanis Praised.” The Harvard Crimson, October 20, 1958. Secondary sources Gima, Craig. “Economist served as UH-Manoa chancellor.” Star Bulletin, September 23, 2004. “Kyŏnggi Kodŭng Hakkyo” \[Kyŏnggi High School\]. Han’guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn \[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture\]. . Mandel, Andrew K. “Touching Basses: The Extraordinary Lives of Richard T. Gill.” The Harvard Crimson, June 1, 1998. “Robert E. Baldwin.” Cress Funeral and Cremation Service (Obituaries), April 9, 2011. . “Robert E. Baldwin.” National Bureau of Economic Research. [https://www.nber.org/people/robert\_baldwin](https://www.nber.org/people/robert_baldwin). Stern, James Y. “The Rise and Fall of the Houses.” The Harvard Crimson, June 8, 2000. “Sungŭi Yŏja Kodŭng Hakkyo” \[Sungŭi Girls’ High School\]. Han’guk minjok munhwa taebaekkwa sajŏn \[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture\]. . The Harvard Korean Alumni Biographies Project and the Project website are copyright © 2024 President and Fellows of Harvard College and/or its licensors. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is not permitted. Please contact Executive Director Susan Laurence ([susan\_laurence@harvard.edu](mailto:susan_laurence@harvard.edu)) for any concerns or questions. - ## Decade [1950-1960](/decade/1950-1960) - ## Korean Alumni [Harvard College](/korean-alumni-decade/harvardcollege)